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The Role of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Its New Components in Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging

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Abstract

Many cardiovascular diseases present renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) hyperactivity as an important pathophysiological mechanism to be target in the therapeutic approaches. Moreover, arterial stiffness is currently considered as a new independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in different clinical conditions, including hypertension and chronic kidney disease. In fact, excessive stimulation of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors, as well as mineralocorticoid receptors, results in cellular growth, oxidative stress and vascular inflammation, which may lead to arterial stiffness and accelerate the process of vascular aging. In the last decades, a vasoprotective axis of the RAAS has been discovered, and now it is well established that new components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties play important roles promoting vasodilation, natriuresis and reducing collagen deposition, thus attenuating arterial stiffness and improving endothelial function. In this review, we will focus on these pathophysiological mechanisms and the relevance of RAAS inhibition by different strategies to increase arterial compliance and to decelerate vascular aging.

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  1. Departamento de Clinica Medica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Ave. 28 de Setembro, 77 sala 329, Rio De Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil

    Mario Fritsch Neves, Ana Rosa Cunha, Michelle Rabello Cunha & Wille Oigman

  2. Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil

    Ronaldo Altenburg Gismondi

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  1. Mario Fritsch Neves
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  2. Ana Rosa Cunha
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Neves, M.F., Cunha, A.R., Cunha, M.R. et al. The Role of Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Its New Components in Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 25, 137–145 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-018-0252-5

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